India is a vast country in South Asia with diverse terrain,from the Himalayan peaks to Indian Ocean coastline and history reaching back 5 millenia.Bounded by Indian Ocean on the south,the Arabian Sea on the southwest and the Bay of Bengal in the southeast.Home to the Indus Valley Civilisition and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires.Currently the Indian economy is the world's seventh largest in nominal GDP and the third largest by purchasing power parity.India consist of 29 states and 7 union territories and a multi-ethnic society,it is also home to a diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats.
States of India:
- Andhra Pradesh,situated on the southeastern coast of the country the state is the eight largest states in
India,covering an area of more than 160,000 km² and the state is the tenth largest by populations with almost 50 million inhabitants.The state has a coastline of 974 km,the second longest among all the states of India after Gujarat.There two regions in the state namely Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema,this regions comprise 13 districts,with nine in Coastal Andhra and four in Rayalaseema. - Arunachal Pradesh,located in northeast of India,it holds the northeast position among the states of northeast region of India.Most of Arunachal Pradesh is covered by the Himalayas,the land is mostly mountainous with the Himalayan ranges running north and south.The Himalayan ranges that extend up to the eastern Arunachal separate it from Tibet.Arunachal Pradesh is divided into twenty districts,each administered by a district collector.Total land area 83,743 km²(32,333 sq mi) with a populations of more than 1,3 million inhabitants.
- Assam,a state in northeastern India,located south of the eastern Himalayas with an area of 78,440 km²(30,285 sq mi).Geographically,Assam and the states in northeastern of India are connected to the rest of India via 22 kilometers strip of land in West Bengal called Siliguri Corridor or "Chicken's Neck".Assam shared an international boarders with Bhutan and Bangladesh.The Assamese economy is aided by Wildlife Tourism,animals with almost extinct statues are protected by National Parks,is one of the richest Biodiversity zones in the world,many are now protected by national parks and reserved forests.The state has the highest diversity of birds in India with around 820 species,with subspecies the number is as high as 946 and the mammal diversity in the states is around 190 species.Assam is remarkably rich in Orchids species,estimated 1,314 orchid species found in India.Total populations of Assam is 31 million Indians in 2011 census in 32 districts.
- Bihar,third largest state of India with an area of 94,163 km² and also the third largest by population in India with almos 104 million people.Bihar has a diverse climate,it's temperature is subtropical in general with hot summer and cold winter.Bihar has 38 districts.
- Chhattisgarh,a state in central India and is the tenth largest state In India with an area of 135,194 km²,and a population of 28 million.Chhattisgarh is one of the fastest growing states in India with 27 districts.The northern and southern part of the state are hilly,while the central part is a fertile plain.The Climate of Chhattisgarh is tropical.It is hot and humid because of its proximately to the Tropic of Cancer and its dependency on the monsoon rain.Temperatures can be observed with scales falling to 0c°c to 49 °c.
- Goa,is a state in southwest India,bounded by Maharashtra to the north and Karnataka to the east and south,while the Arabian Sea form it's western coastline.It is India's smallest states by area and fourth smallest by population.Goa encompasses an area of 3,702 km².The states is divided into two state,the North Goa and South Goa,each districts is administered by the district collector appointed by the Indian Government,the population is 1.4 million inhabitants.
- Gujarat,is a state in western India,sometimes referred to as the "Jewel of Western India".An area of 192,024 km² with a coastline of 1,600 km,most of which lies in the Kathiawar peninsula,and a population in exceed of 60 million.
- Haryana,situated in north India,it was carved out of the former state of East Punjab.It stands 21st in terms of area,which spread about 44,212 km².The state is eighteenth largest by population with 23 million.Haryana is one of the most economically developed regions in South Asia.Haryana surrounds the country's capital Delhi in three sides,forming the northern,western and southern borders of Delhi.Consequently,a large area of south Haryana is included in the National Capital Region for purposes of planning for development.Haryana is a landlocked state in northern India.The population is 27 million people.
- Himachal Pradesh,is a state in North India with an area of 55,673 km² and the literal meaning of the state's name is in the lap of Himalayas.Himachal Pradesh is famous for its natural beauty,hill stations and temples.Himachal Pradesh has 12 districts.
- Jammu and Kashmir,is a state in northern India,often denoted by the acronym J&K,it is mostly located in Himalayan mountains.Jammu and Kashmir has an international boarders with China in the north and east and the Line of Control separates it from the Pakistan-administered territories of Asad Kashmir and Gilgit Baltistan in the west and northwest respectively.Jammu and Kashmir is consist of three regions Jammu,the Kashmir Valley and Ladakh.And has 22 districts.
- Jharkhand,located in eastern India,carved out of the southern part of Bihar.Land area is 79,714 km².Jharkhand has a population of 32 million people in 24 districts.
- Karnataka,a state in south western regions of India,originally known as State of Mysore.The capital and largest city is Bangalore.Karnataka is the seventh largest Indian state by area,the state covers the area of 191,976 km² or 5.83 percent of the total geographical area of India and the eighth largest state by population with 61 million inhabitants,comprising with 30 districts.The state has three principal geographical zones,the coastal region of Karavali,the hilly Malenadu region comprising the Western Ghats,and the Bayaluseeme region comprising the plains of the Deccan Plateau.Karnataka experiences four sessions,the winter in January and February is followed by summer in between March and May,the monsoon session between June and September and the post monsoon-session from October 'till December.
- Kerala,located in south India,on the Malabar Coast.Spread over 38,863 km²,populations 38 million inhabitants, the thirteenth largest state by population and it is divided into 14 districts.The state is wedged between the Lakshadweep Sea and the Western Ghats. Geographically, Kerala is divided into three climatically distinct regions:the eastern highlands;rugged and cool mountainous terrains,the central mid-lands;rolling hills,and the western lowlands;coastal plains.Kerala has a wet and maritime tropical climate influenced by the sessional heavy rains of the Southwest summer monsoon and northwest winter monsoon.Kerala's flora,most of the biodiversity is concentrated and protected in the Western Ghats.Out of 4,000 flowering plant species,1,272 of which are endemic to Kerala.Fauna,are notable for their diversity and high rates of endemism,it includes 118 mammals species,500 species of birds,189 species of freshwater fish,173 species of reptiles and 115 species of amphibians.Some are threatened by extensive habitat destructions.
- Madhya Pradesh,a state in central India,capital is Bhopar and the largest city is Indore.Nicknamed the "Heart of India" due to its geographical location in India.Madhya Pradesh is the second largest state in the country by area.With 75 million inhabitants,it is the fifth-largest state in India by population.Total land area is 308,245 km².Madhya Pradech is a Subtropical climate,like most of north India,it has a hot dry summer (April to June), followed by monsoon rains(July to September) and a cool and relatively dry winter.
- Maharashtra,a state in the western region of India and is India's third largest state by area and is also the worlds second most populous subnational entity.It has over 120 million inhabitants,and its capital,Mumbai,has a population approximately 18 million.Maharashtra is one of the wealthiest and most developed state of India.The state occupies the western and central part of the ccountry and has a long coastline stretching 840 kilometers along the Arabian Sea.Maharashtra is divided into five regions geographical.Konkan,in the western coastal region,between the Western Ghats and the sea,Kandesh,is the north-western region lying in the valley of the Tapti River,Jalgaon,Dhule and Bhusawal are the major cities of the region,Desh,is in the center of the state.Marathwada,located in the southeastern part of the state,Vidarbha,is in the easternmost region of the state,formerly part of Central Provinces and Berar.Nagpur,where the winter session of the state assembly is held,and Amravati,are the main cities of the region.Maharashtra has a typical monsoon climate,with hot,rainy and cold weather sessions.
- Manipur,a state in northeastern India,with the city of Imphal as its capital.The state is covers an area of 32,327 kilometers(8,621 sq mi).Manipur may be characterised as two distinct physical regions,an outlying area of rugged hills and narrow valleys,and the inner area of flat plain,with all associated land forms.
- Meghalaya,a state in northeast India,population in 2014 is estimated 3.2 million.The state covers an area of approximately 22,430 kilometers .The state is the wettest region of India,recording an average of 12,000 mm(470 in) of rains a year.Meghalaya is one of the Seven Sister States of the northeast of India.
- Mizoram,is one of the state in noeprtheast of India,with Aizawi as its capital.Mizoram is a landlocked state in Northeast India whose southern part shares 722 kilometers long international boarders with Bangladesh and Myanmar and the northern part share domestic boarders with Manipur,Assam and Tripula.It is the fifth smallest state of India with an area of 21,087 km².Mizoram has 8 districts with 1.1 million inhabitants.
- Nagaland,is a state in north-east of India,it has an area of 16,579 kilometers with a population of 1.9 million people in 2011 census making it one the smallest state in India.Nagaland is a mountainous state.The Naga Hills from the Brahmaputra Valley in Assam.The state has a largely monsoon climates with high humidity levels.
- Odisha,located in the eastern coast,it is surrounded by the states of West Bengalto the northeast,Jharkhand to the north,Chhattisgarh to the west and northwest,and Andhra Pradesh in the south and southwest.The state has an area of 155,707 km²,which is 4.87% of the total land area of India and the coastline of 450 km.The state experience four Meteorological Sessions,Winter(January to February),Pre-monsoon Summer(March to May),South West Monsoon Season(June to September)and the North East Monsoon Season(from October to December).
- Punjab,is a state in north India,forming part of the larger Punjab Region.Punjab is the only Sink majority state in India.Punjab is in the northwestern part of India with an area of 50,362 km².Total population is 27.7 million,16th in India.The state experiences three main sessions,hot session (mid-April to the end of June),rainy session (early July to the end of September),cold session (early December to the end of February).
- Rajasthan,literally means "Land of the King" is India's largest state by area with 342,239 square kilometers(132,139 sq mi)or 10.4% of India's land area.It is located in the north-western side country.Total population is 74 million inhabitants.
- Sikkim,is a landlocked state of India,the last to give up its Monarchy,and fully integrate to India in 1975.With 607,688 as of the 2011 census of India.Sikkim is the least populous states in India and second smallest state after Goa in total land area,covering approximately 7,096 square kilometers (2,740 sq mi).Nestling in the Himalayan mountains,the state of Sikkim is characterized by mountainous terrain.Almost the entire state is hilly.The summit of Kangchenjunga,the world third highest peak is the state highest point,situated in the borders of Sikkim and Nepal.The state has five sessions winter, summer,spring,autumn and a monsoon session between June and September.
- Tamil Nadu,lies in the southernmost part of the Indian Peninsula and it is bordered by the union territory of Puducherry,and the south Indian states.The state shared maritime border with the nation Sri Lanka.Tamil Nadu is the eleventh largest state in India by area and the six most populous.Tamil Nadu covers an area of 130,058 km²,a coastline with about 1,076 km,which is the country's second longest coastline.
- Telangana,a state in southern India,has an area of 114,840 km² and a population of 35 million inhabitants making it the twelfth largest state of India and the twelfth most populated in India.Telangana is situated in the Deccan Plateau,in the center stretch of the eastern seaboard of the Indian Peninsula.Climates,Telangana is a semi-arid and has a predominantly hot and dry climate.The state is divided in ten districts(grouped into two divisions)with are further divided into 42 revenue divisions and they are in turn divided into 462 mandals.
- Tripura,is a state in northeast of India,the third smallest state in the country with 10,491 km²,and it is bordered by Bangladesh(East Bengal) to the north,south and west and the Indian states of Assam and Mizoram to the east.In 2011 the state has 3.6 million residents.Tripura is a landlocked state in northeast India.Spread over 10,491.69 km²,the third smallest among the 29 states in the country,behind Goa and Sikkim.The state has a tropical savanna climate.The four main sessions are winter from December to February,pre-monsoon or summer from March to April,monsoon from May to September and post-monsoon from October to November.Tripura has eight districts,governed by district collector, appointed by the Indian Administrativ Service.
- Uttar Pradesh,literally " The Northern Province",is the most populous state in the Republic of India as well as the most populous country subdivision in the world.The state in the northern region of the Indian Subcontinent has over 200 million inhabitants.It covers 243,290 km²,equal to 6.88% of the total area of India,and is the fourth largest Indian state by area.It is situated on the northern spout of India and shared an international boundary with Nepal.The Himalayas border the state on the north.Uttar Pradesh has a humid subtropical climate and experiences four sessions.
- Uttarakhand,formerly known as Uttaranchal is a state in the northern part of India.It is often referred to as the Devbhumi(literally known"Land of the Gods") due to many Hindu Temples and Pilgrimage centers found in the throughout the state.Uttarakhand is known for its natural beauty of the Himalayas,the Bhabar,and the Terai.According to the 2011 census of India,Uttarakhand has a total population of more than 10 million people living in the state making it the 19th most populous state in India.Uttarakhand has a land area of about 53,483 km² of which 86% are mountainous and 65% are covered by forest.There are 13 districts in Uttarakhand which are grouped into two divisions,Kumaon and Garhwal divisions.
- West Bengal,is a state in eastern India and is a nation fourth most populous state,with over 91 million inhabitants.Spread over 34,267 sq mi(88,752 square kilometers).West Bengal is on the bottleneck of India,stretching from the Himalayas in the north,to the Bay of Bengal in the south.West Bengal has nineteen districts.
- Andaman and Nicobar Islands,one of the seven union territory of India,are a group of islands at the juncture of the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea.It comprises two islands group,the Andaman islands and the Nicobar islands.The total land areas of this islands is approximately 8,249 km²(3,185 sq mi).The Andaman islands are home to the only known Paleolithic People,the Sintinelese People,who has no contact to any other people.
- Chandigarh,is a city and a union territory in the northern part of India that serves as the capital of Punjab and Haryana.The city is ruled directly by Union Government and it is not part to any states.
- Dadra and Nagar Haveli,is a union territory in Western India.Nagar Haveli is wedged between Maharashtra and Gujarat,whereas Dadra is an enclave 1 km northwest of Gujarat.The area of Dadra and Nagar Haveli is spread over 491 km² comparatively equivalent to Philippines Biliran islands,landlocked between Gujarat to the north and Maharashtra in the south.The union territory comprises two separate geographical units,Dadra and Nagar Haveli,it ranks 4th in the union territories and 32nd including the states.
- Daman and Diu,is a coastal union territory in India,which was once a part of the Portuguese Empire neighboring Goa.
- Lakshadweep,formerly known as the Laccadive,Minicoy and Aminitivi islands,is a group of islands in the Laccadive Sea,200 to 440 km,off the south western coast of India.The islands form the smallest union territory of India,there total surface area is just 32km²(12 sq mi).Tem of the islands are inhabited,in 2011 Indian census the population of the territory is 64,000.
- National Capital Territory of Delhi,is a city and the Capital Territory in the Republic of India.It is bordered by Haryana on three sides and Uttar Pradesh to the east.It is the most populous city in India,and has a population of more than 25 million,making it the second most populous city in India after Mumbai and most populous urban agglomeration in India and 3rd largest urban area in the world.
- Puducherry,formerly known as Pondicherry,literally "Old Town Tamil) is a union territory of India.Puducherry lies in the southern part of the Indian Peninsula,it's the 29th most populous and third most densely populated state/UT in India.The union territory is consist of four small unconnected districts,Puducherry,karaikal and Yanam in the Bay of Bengal and Mahe in the Arabian Sea.
- Kaziranga National Park,is a National Park in the Golanghat and Nagaon districts in the state of Assam,India.The Park is approximately 430 km²(170 sq mi) land area.Kaziranga is one of the largest tract of protected land in the sub-Himalayan belt,due to the presence highly diverse and visible species.Kaziranga contains significant breeding populations of 35 mammalian species,of which 15 are threatened.Significant populations of large and small Herbivores and is one of the few wild breeding areas outside Africa for multiple species.Kaziranga has been identified by the Birdlife International as an Important Bird Area.It is home to a varities of migratory birds,water birds,predators,scavengers and game birds.
- Manas Wildlife Sanctuary,or Manas National Park,is a national park located in the foothills of the Himalayas,it is contagious with the Royal Manas National Park in Bhutan.Total land area is 950 km².The park is known to its rare and endangered endemic wildlife,the sanctuary has recorded 55 species of mammals,380 species of birds,50 reptiles and 3 species of amphibians.Out of these wildlife, 21 mammals are India's Schedule I and 31 of them are threatened.The park is well known for sspecies for rare aand endangered wildlife that are not found anywhere else in the world.
- Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya,is a Buddhist Temple in Bodh Gaya,marking the location where Buddha is said to have attained enlightenment.Located about 96 km from Patna,Bihar state,India.The site is the descendant of the Bodh Tree under which Buddha gained enlightenment.
- Humayun's Tomb,Delhi,is the tomb of Mughal Emperor Humayun in Delhi,India.The Tomb was commissioned by Humayun's son Akbhar in 1569-70,it was the first garden tomb on the Indian Subcontinent.
- Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Delhi,is an array of monuments and buildings at Mehrauli in Delhi,India.The best known structure in the complex is the Qutb Minar,build to honor the Sufi saint Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki.Today the adjoining area spread over with a host of old monuments,including the Balban's Tomb,has been develop by the Archaeological Survey of India(ASI) as the Mehrauli Archaeological Park and INTACH has restored some 40 monuments in the park.
- Red Fort Complex,the Red Fort was the residence of the Mughal Empire for nearly 200 years,until 1857.It is located in the center of Delhi and houses a number of museums.Constructed in 1648 by the fifth Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan as the Palace of his Shahjahanabad the Red Fort is named for its massive enclosing walls of redstones and is adjacent to the older Salimgarh Fort,build by the Islam Shah Suri in 1546.
- Churches and Convents of Goa,is a historical city in North Goa District in the Indian state of Goa.The city was constructed of the Bijapur Sultanate in the 15th century,and served as the capital of Portuguese India from the 16th century until its abandonment in the 18th century due to a plague.Old Goa is approximately 10 km east of the state capital of Panjim.
- Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park,,is located in Panchmahal district in Gujarat,India.It is located in the historical city of Champaner,a city which was build by Sultan Mahmud Begada of Gujarat.The heritage site is studded with forts with bastions starting from the hills of Pavagadh and extending into the city of Champaner.The park's landscape includes archaeological, historic,living cultural heritage monuments such as Chalcolithic sites,a hill fortress of an early Hindu capital,and remains of a 16th century capital of the state of Gujarat.There are palaces,entrance gates and arches,mosques,tombs,,temples,residential complexes,agricultural structures and water installations stepwells and tanks,dIndia.There ar from the 8th to the 14th centuries.
- Taj Mahal,is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the south bank of the Yamuna river in the Indian city of Agra.It was commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal Emperor,Shah Jahan(1628-1658) to house the tomb of his favorite wife,Mumtaz Mahal.The tomb is a centerpiece of a 42 acre complex,which includes a Mosque and a guest house,and is set to a formal gardens bounded in three sides by a crenellated walls.The construction of the mausoleum was essentially completed in 1643 but work continues on other phases of the project for another 10 years.The construction project employed 20,000 artisan under the guidance of a board of architects led by the court of architect to the emperor,Ustad Ahmad Lahauri.
- Great Himalayan National Park,is one of India's national park,is located in Kullu,region in the state of Himachal Pradesh.The park was established in 1984 and is spread over an area of 1,171 km² .The Great Himalayan National Park is a habitat to numerous flora and more than 375 fauna species,including approximately 31 mammals,181 birds,3 reptiles,9 amphibians,11 annelids,17 mollusks and 127 insects,hence any sort of hunting is not permitted.
About 8.05 million foreign tourists arrived in India in 2015 recording a growth rate of 4.4% compared to 7.68% in 2014 with a growth rate of 10.3% over 2013.Domestic tourists visits to all states and union territories numbered 1,036,35 million in 2012 an increase of 16.5% from 2011.
The Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 2015 ranks in 52th out of 141 countries overall.The report rank the prices of India's competitiveness of India's tourism sector 8th out of 141 countries.It mentions that India has quite a good air transport(ranked 35th),particularly given the country's state of development,and reasonable good transport infrastructures (ranked 50th).The country also scores high of natural and cultural resources (ranked 12th).Some other aspects of its tourism infrastructures remain somewhat underdeveloped however.The nations has very few hotel rooms per capita by international comparison and low ATM penetration.The World Tourism Organization reported that India's receipts form tourism during 2012 ranked 16th in the world and 7th among Asian and Pacific countries.
Airports of India;
There are 449 airports and airstrips throughout India that has domestic and international flights.All operational airports handled a total of 223,6 million passengers (168.9 million domestic and 54.7 million international) during April 2015- March 2016.
- Indira Gandhi International Airport,located in Delhi,National Region
- Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport,located in Mumbai,Maharashtra state
- Kempegowda International Airport,located in Bengaluru,Karnataka state
- Chennai International Airport,located in Chennai,Tamil Nadu
- Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport,located in Kolkata,West Bengal
- Rajiv Gandhi International Airport,located in Hyderabad,Telangana
- Cochin International Airport,located in Kochi,Kerala state
- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport,located in Ahmedabad,Gujarat state
- Pune International Airport,located in Pune,Maharashtra state
- Goa International Airport,located in Goa,Goa
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